The Medici are perhaps the most famous Florentines after the painters, sculptors and architects of the Renaissance. They dominated the political scene for over 400 years, first as powerful private citizens, gradually evolving to being rulers of a European state: the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. . They came originally from the Mugello, but established themselves in Florence. The family's origins can be traced to a certain Medico di Potrone, who was born around 1046. At first they made their fortunes in the wool trade and some members of the family rose to positions of prominence in the city government. It was only with Avelardo's (Bicci) son, giovanni, that the family's fortunes began to rise. Giovanni di Bicci (1360–1429), founded the Medici Bank, becoming one of the weathliest citizens of Florence. The fist "ruler" of the family was Giovanni's son, Cosimo the Elder, who, though a private citizen, was in fact the head of the city government. His son, Piero, was a mediocre "ruler", whose greatest deed was fathering Lorenzo the Magnificient (1449–1492), the patron of Michelangelo. Three Medici became poers: Giovanni de' Medici (1475–1523) as Pope Leo X, Giulio de' Medici (1478–1534) as Pope Clement VII and Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (1535–1605) as Pope Leo XI. Two of the Medici were queens of France: Caterina de' Medici, who Married Henry II and Maria de' Medici, wife of Henry IV. Alessandro Was made Duke of Florence by the Emperor Charles V in 1532. His successor, Cosimo I, was created Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1569. The last Medici Granduke was Gian Gastone, who died in 1737. His sister, Anna Maria Luisa, was the last representative of the Family, dying in 1743. It is to the latter Florence owes its fortune, as she it was who donated the Medici collection to the city on condition none of it should be tranferred elsewhere.